lunaix-os/hal/ahci/ahci.c

   1 /**
   2  * @file ahci.c
   3  * @author Lunaixsky (zelong56@gmail.com)
   4  * @brief A software implementation of Serial ATA AHCI 1.3.1 Specification
   5  * @version 0.1
   6  * @date 2022-06-28
   7  *
   8  * @copyright Copyright (c) 2022
   9  *
  10  */
  11 #include <hal/ahci/ahci.h>
  12 #include <hal/ahci/hba.h>
  13 #include <hal/ahci/sata.h>
  14 #include <hal/ahci/scsi.h>
  15
  16 #include <hal/pci.h>
  17 #include <klibc/string.h>
  18 #include <lunaix/block.h>
  19 #include <lunaix/isrm.h>
  20 #include <lunaix/mm/mmio.h>
  21 #include <lunaix/mm/pmm.h>
  22 #include <lunaix/mm/valloc.h>
  23 #include <lunaix/mm/vmm.h>
  24 #include <lunaix/spike.h>
  25 #include <lunaix/syslog.h>
  26
  27 #define HBA_FIS_SIZE 256
  28 #define HBA_CLB_SIZE 1024
  29
  30 #define HBA_MY_IE (HBA_PxINTR_DHR | HBA_PxINTR_TFE | HBA_PxINTR_OF)
  31
  32 // #define DO_HBA_FULL_RESET
  33
  34 LOG_MODULE("AHCI")
  35
  36 struct llist_header ahcis;
  37
  38 static char sata_ifs[][20] = { "Not detected",
  39                                "SATA I (1.5Gbps)",
  40                                "SATA II (3.0Gbps)",
  41                                "SATA III (6.0Gbps)" };
  42
  43 extern void
  44 ahci_fsexport(struct block_dev* bdev, void* fs_node);
  45
  46 extern void
  47 __ahci_hba_isr(const isr_param* param);
  48
  49 extern void
  50 __ahci_blkio_handler(struct blkio_req* req);
  51
  52 int
  53 ahci_init_device(struct hba_port* port);
  54
  55 void
  56 achi_register_ops(struct hba_port* port);
  57
  58 void
  59 ahci_register_device(struct hba_device* hbadev);
  60
  61 void*
  62 ahci_driver_init(struct pci_device* ahci_dev);
  63
  64 void
  65 __hba_reset_port(hba_reg_t* port_reg)
  66 {
  67     // 根据：SATA-AHCI spec section 10.4.2 描述的端口重置流程
  68     port_reg[HBA_RPxCMD] &= ~HBA_PxCMD_ST;
  69     port_reg[HBA_RPxCMD] &= ~HBA_PxCMD_FRE;
  70     int cnt = wait_until_expire(!(port_reg[HBA_RPxCMD] & HBA_PxCMD_CR), 500000);
  71     if (cnt) {
  72         return;
  73     }
  74     // 如果port未响应，则继续执行重置
  75     port_reg[HBA_RPxSCTL] = (port_reg[HBA_RPxSCTL] & ~0xf) | 1;
  76     io_delay(100000); //等待至少一毫秒，差不多就行了
  77     port_reg[HBA_RPxSCTL] &= ~0xf;
  78 }
  79
  80 void
  81 ahci_init()
  82 {
  83     llist_init_head(&ahcis);
  84     pci_add_driver("Serial ATA AHCI", AHCI_HBA_CLASS, 0, 0, ahci_driver_init);
  85 }
  86
  87 void*
  88 ahci_driver_init(struct pci_device* ahci_dev)
  89 {
  90     struct pci_base_addr* bar6 = &ahci_dev->bar[5];
  91     assert_msg(bar6->type & BAR_TYPE_MMIO, "AHCI: BAR#6 is not MMIO.");
  92
  93     pci_reg_t cmd = pci_read_cspace(ahci_dev->cspace_base, PCI_REG_STATUS_CMD);
  94
  95     // 禁用传统中断（因为我们使用MSI），启用MMIO访问，允许PCI设备间访问
  96     cmd |= (PCI_RCMD_MM_ACCESS | PCI_RCMD_DISABLE_INTR | PCI_RCMD_BUS_MASTER);
  97
  98     pci_write_cspace(ahci_dev->cspace_base, PCI_REG_STATUS_CMD, cmd);
  99
 100     int iv = isrm_ivexalloc(__ahci_hba_isr);
 101     pci_setup_msi(ahci_dev, iv);
 102
 103     struct ahci_driver* ahci_drv = vzalloc(sizeof(*ahci_drv));
 104     struct ahci_hba* hba = &ahci_drv->hba;
 105     ahci_drv->id = iv;
 106
 107     llist_append(&ahcis, &ahci_drv->ahci_drvs);
 108
 109     hba->base = (hba_reg_t*)ioremap(bar6->start, bar6->size);
 110
 111 #ifdef DO_HBA_FULL_RESET
 112     // 重置HBA
 113     hba->base[HBA_RGHC] |= HBA_RGHC_RESET;
 114     wait_until(!(hba->base[HBA_RGHC] & HBA_RGHC_RESET));
 115 #endif
 116
 117     // 启用AHCI工作模式，启用中断
 118     hba->base[HBA_RGHC] |= HBA_RGHC_ACHI_ENABLE;
 119     hba->base[HBA_RGHC] |= HBA_RGHC_INTR_ENABLE;
 120
 121     // As per section 3.1.1, this is 0 based value.
 122     hba_reg_t cap = hba->base[HBA_RCAP];
 123     hba_reg_t pmap = hba->base[HBA_RPI];
 124
 125     hba->ports_num = (cap & 0x1f) + 1;  // CAP.PI
 126     hba->cmd_slots = (cap >> 8) & 0x1f; // CAP.NCS
 127     hba->version = hba->base[HBA_RVER];
 128     hba->ports_bmp = pmap;
 129
 130     /* ------ HBA端口配置 ------ */
 131     uintptr_t clb_pg_addr, fis_pg_addr, clb_pa, fis_pa;
 132     for (size_t i = 0, fisp = 0, clbp = 0; i < 32;
 133          i++, pmap >>= 1, fisp = (fisp + 1) % 16, clbp = (clbp + 1) % 4) {
 134         if (!(pmap & 0x1)) {
 135             continue;
 136         }
 137
 138         struct hba_port* port =
 139           (struct hba_port*)valloc(sizeof(struct hba_port));
 140         hba_reg_t* port_regs =
 141           (hba_reg_t*)(&hba->base[HBA_RPBASE + i * HBA_RPSIZE]);
 142
 143 #ifndef DO_HBA_FULL_RESET
 144         __hba_reset_port(port_regs);
 145 #endif
 146
 147         if (!clbp) {
 148             // 每页最多4个命令队列
 149             clb_pa = pmm_alloc_page(KERNEL_PID, PP_FGLOCKED);
 150             clb_pg_addr = ioremap(clb_pa, 0x1000);
 151             memset(clb_pg_addr, 0, 0x1000);
 152         }
 153         if (!fisp) {
 154             // 每页最多16个FIS
 155             fis_pa = pmm_alloc_page(KERNEL_PID, PP_FGLOCKED);
 156             fis_pg_addr = ioremap(fis_pa, 0x1000);
 157             memset(fis_pg_addr, 0, 0x1000);
 158         }
 159
 160         /* 重定向CLB与FIS */
 161         port_regs[HBA_RPxCLB] = clb_pa + clbp * HBA_CLB_SIZE;
 162         port_regs[HBA_RPxFB] = fis_pa + fisp * HBA_FIS_SIZE;
 163
 164         *port = (struct hba_port){ .regs = port_regs,
 165                                    .ssts = port_regs[HBA_RPxSSTS],
 166                                    .cmdlst = clb_pg_addr + clbp * HBA_CLB_SIZE,
 167                                    .fis = fis_pg_addr + fisp * HBA_FIS_SIZE,
 168                                    .hba = hba };
 169
 170         /* 初始化端口，并置于就绪状态 */
 171         port_regs[HBA_RPxCI] = 0;
 172
 173         hba_clear_reg(port_regs[HBA_RPxSERR]);
 174
 175         hba->ports[i] = port;
 176
 177         if (!HBA_RPxSSTS_IF(port->ssts)) {
 178             continue;
 179         }
 180
 181         wait_until(!(port_regs[HBA_RPxCMD] & HBA_PxCMD_CR));
 182         port_regs[HBA_RPxCMD] |= HBA_PxCMD_FRE;
 183         port_regs[HBA_RPxCMD] |= HBA_PxCMD_ST;
 184
 185         if (!ahci_init_device(port)) {
 186             kprintf(KERROR "init fail: 0x%x@p%d\n", port->regs[HBA_RPxSIG], i);
 187             continue;
 188         }
 189
 190         struct hba_device* hbadev = port->device;
 191         kprintf(KINFO "sata%d: %s, blk_size=%d, blk=0..%d\n",
 192                 i,
 193                 hbadev->model,
 194                 hbadev->block_size,
 195                 (uint32_t)hbadev->max_lba);
 196
 197         ahci_register_device(hbadev);
 198     }
 199
 200     return ahci_drv;
 201 }
 202
 203 void
 204 ahci_register_device(struct hba_device* hbadev)
 205 {
 206     struct block_dev* bdev =
 207       block_alloc_dev(hbadev->model, hbadev, __ahci_blkio_handler);
 208
 209     bdev->end_lba = hbadev->max_lba;
 210     bdev->blk_size = hbadev->block_size;
 211
 212     block_mount(bdev, ahci_fsexport);
 213 }
 214
 215 int
 216 __get_free_slot(struct hba_port* port)
 217 {
 218     hba_reg_t pxsact = port->regs[HBA_RPxSACT];
 219     hba_reg_t pxci = port->regs[HBA_RPxCI];
 220     hba_reg_t free_bmp = pxsact | pxci;
 221     uint32_t i = 0;
 222     for (; i <= port->hba->cmd_slots && (free_bmp & 0x1); i++, free_bmp >>= 1)
 223         ;
 224     return i | -(i > port->hba->cmd_slots);
 225 }
 226
 227 void
 228 sata_create_fis(struct sata_reg_fis* cmd_fis,
 229                 uint8_t command,
 230                 uint64_t lba,
 231                 uint16_t sector_count)
 232 {
 233     cmd_fis->head.type = SATA_REG_FIS_H2D;
 234     cmd_fis->head.options = SATA_REG_FIS_COMMAND;
 235     cmd_fis->head.status_cmd = command;
 236     cmd_fis->dev = 0;
 237
 238     cmd_fis->lba0 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 0);
 239     cmd_fis->lba8 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 8);
 240     cmd_fis->lba16 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 16);
 241     cmd_fis->lba24 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 24);
 242
 243     cmd_fis->lba32 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 32);
 244     cmd_fis->lba40 = SATA_LBA_COMPONENT(lba, 40);
 245
 246     cmd_fis->count = sector_count;
 247 }
 248
 249 int
 250 hba_bind_sbuf(struct hba_cmdh* cmdh, struct hba_cmdt* cmdt, struct membuf mbuf)
 251 {
 252     assert_msg(mbuf.size <= 0x400000, "HBA: Buffer too big");
 253     cmdh->prdt_len = 1;
 254     cmdt->entries[0] = (struct hba_prdte){ .data_base = vmm_v2p(mbuf.buffer),
 255                                            .byte_count = mbuf.size - 1 };
 256 }
 257
 258 int
 259 hba_bind_vbuf(struct hba_cmdh* cmdh, struct hba_cmdt* cmdt, struct vecbuf* vbuf)
 260 {
 261     size_t i = 0;
 262     struct vecbuf* pos = vbuf;
 263
 264     do {
 265         assert_msg(i < HBA_MAX_PRDTE, "HBA: Too many PRDTEs");
 266         assert_msg(pos->buf.size <= 0x400000, "HBA: Buffer too big");
 267
 268         cmdt->entries[i++] =
 269           (struct hba_prdte){ .data_base = vmm_v2p(pos->buf.buffer),
 270                               .byte_count = pos->buf.size - 1 };
 271         pos = list_entry(pos->components.next, struct vecbuf, components);
 272     } while (pos != vbuf);
 273
 274     cmdh->prdt_len = i + 1;
 275 }
 276
 277 int
 278 hba_prepare_cmd(struct hba_port* port,
 279                 struct hba_cmdt** cmdt,
 280                 struct hba_cmdh** cmdh)
 281 {
 282     int slot = __get_free_slot(port);
 283     assert_msg(slot >= 0, "HBA: No free slot");
 284
 285     // 构建命令头（Command Header）和命令表（Command Table）
 286     struct hba_cmdh* cmd_header = &port->cmdlst[slot];
 287     struct hba_cmdt* cmd_table = vzalloc_dma(sizeof(struct hba_cmdt));
 288
 289     memset(cmd_header, 0, sizeof(*cmd_header));
 290
 291     // 将命令表挂到命令头上
 292     cmd_header->cmd_table_base = vmm_v2p(cmd_table);
 293     cmd_header->options =
 294       HBA_CMDH_FIS_LEN(sizeof(struct sata_reg_fis)) | HBA_CMDH_CLR_BUSY;
 295
 296     *cmdh = cmd_header;
 297     *cmdt = cmd_table;
 298
 299     return slot;
 300 }
 301
 302 int
 303 ahci_init_device(struct hba_port* port)
 304 {
 305     /* 发送ATA命令，参考：SATA AHCI Spec Rev.1.3.1, section 5.5 */
 306     struct hba_cmdt* cmd_table;
 307     struct hba_cmdh* cmd_header;
 308
 309     // mask DHR interrupt
 310     port->regs[HBA_RPxIE] &= ~HBA_MY_IE;
 311
 312     // 预备DMA接收缓存，用于存放HBA传回的数据
 313     uint16_t* data_in = (uint16_t*)valloc_dma(512);
 314
 315     int slot = hba_prepare_cmd(port, &cmd_table, &cmd_header);
 316     hba_bind_sbuf(
 317       cmd_header, cmd_table, (struct membuf){ .buffer = data_in, .size = 512 });
 318
 319     port->device = vzalloc(sizeof(struct hba_device));
 320     port->device->port = port;
 321     port->device->hba = port->hba;
 322
 323     // 在命令表中构建命令FIS
 324     struct sata_reg_fis* cmd_fis = (struct sata_reg_fis*)cmd_table->command_fis;
 325
 326     // 根据设备类型使用合适的命令
 327     if (port->regs[HBA_RPxSIG] == HBA_DEV_SIG_ATA) {
 328         // ATA 一般为硬盘
 329         sata_create_fis(cmd_fis, ATA_IDENTIFY_DEVICE, 0, 0);
 330     } else {
 331         // ATAPI 一般为光驱，软驱，或者磁带机
 332         port->device->flags |= HBA_DEV_FATAPI;
 333         sata_create_fis(cmd_fis, ATA_IDENTIFY_PAKCET_DEVICE, 0, 0);
 334     }
 335
 336     if (!ahci_try_send(port, slot)) {
 337         goto fail;
 338     }
 339
 340     /*
 341         等待数据到达内存
 342         解析IDENTIFY DEVICE传回来的数据。
 343           参考：
 344             * ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 3 (ACS-3), Section 7.12.7
 345     */
 346     ahci_parse_dev_info(port->device, data_in);
 347
 348     if (!(port->device->flags & HBA_DEV_FATAPI)) {
 349         goto done;
 350     }
 351
 352     /*
 353         注意：ATAPI设备是无法通过IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE 获取容量信息的。
 354         我们需要使用SCSI命令的READ_CAPACITY(16)进行获取。
 355         步骤如下：
 356             1. 因为ATAPI走的是SCSI，而AHCI对此专门进行了SATA的封装，
 357                也就是通过SATA的PACKET命令对SCSI命令进行封装。所以我们
 358                首先需要构建一个PACKET命令的FIS
 359             2. 接着，在ACMD中构建命令READ_CAPACITY的CDB - 一种SCSI命令的封装
 360             3. 然后把cmd_header->options的A位置位，表示这是一个送往ATAPI的命令。
 361                 一点细节：
 362                     1. HBA往底层SATA控制器发送PACKET FIS
 363                     2. SATA控制器回复PIO Setup FIS
 364                     3. HBA读入ACMD中的CDB，打包成Data FIS进行答复
 365                     4. SATA控制器解包，拿到CDB，通过SCSI协议转发往ATAPI设备。
 366                     5. ATAPI设备回复Return Parameter，SATA通过DMA Setup FIS
 367                        发起DMA请求，HBA介入，将Return Parameter写入我们在PRDT
 368                        里设置的data_in位置。
 369             4. 最后照常等待HBA把结果写入data_in，然后直接解析就好了。
 370           参考：
 371             * ATA/ATAPI Command Set - 3 (ACS-3), Section 7.18
 372             * SATA AHCI HBA Spec, Section 5.3.7
 373             * SCSI Command Reference Manual, Section 3.26
 374     */
 375
 376     sata_create_fis(cmd_fis, ATA_PACKET, 512 << 8, 0);
 377
 378     // for dev use 12 bytes cdb, READ_CAPACITY must use the 10 bytes variation.
 379     if (port->device->cbd_size == SCSI_CDB12) {
 380         struct scsi_cdb12* cdb12 = (struct scsi_cdb12*)cmd_table->atapi_cmd;
 381         // ugly tricks to construct 10 byte cdb from 12 byte cdb
 382         scsi_create_packet12(cdb12, SCSI_READ_CAPACITY_10, 0, 512 << 8);
 383     } else {
 384         struct scsi_cdb16* cdb16 = (struct scsi_cdb16*)cmd_table->atapi_cmd;
 385         scsi_create_packet16(cdb16, SCSI_READ_CAPACITY_16, 0, 512);
 386         cdb16->misc1 = 0x10; // service action
 387     }
 388
 389     cmd_header->transferred_size = 0;
 390     cmd_header->options |= HBA_CMDH_ATAPI;
 391
 392     if (!ahci_try_send(port, slot)) {
 393         goto fail;
 394     }
 395
 396     scsi_parse_capacity(port->device, (uint32_t*)data_in);
 397
 398 done:
 399     // reset interrupt status and unmask D2HR interrupt
 400     port->regs[HBA_RPxIE] |= HBA_MY_IE;
 401     achi_register_ops(port);
 402
 403     vfree_dma(data_in);
 404     vfree_dma(cmd_table);
 405
 406     return 1;
 407
 408 fail:
 409     port->regs[HBA_RPxIE] |= HBA_MY_IE;
 410     vfree_dma(data_in);
 411     vfree_dma(cmd_table);
 412
 413     return 0;
 414 }
 415
 416 int
 417 ahci_identify_device(struct hba_device* device)
 418 {
 419     // 用于重新识别设备（比如在热插拔的情况下）
 420     vfree(device);
 421     return ahci_init_device(device->port);
 422 }
 423
 424 void
 425 achi_register_ops(struct hba_port* port)
 426 {
 427     port->device->ops.identify = ahci_identify_device;
 428     if (!(port->device->flags & HBA_DEV_FATAPI)) {
 429         port->device->ops.submit = sata_submit;
 430     } else {
 431         port->device->ops.submit = scsi_submit;
 432     }
 433 }